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Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agencies thereof.


BAIHP Final Project Report

September 1, 1999 - June 30, 2006

FSEC-CR-1663-06

BAIHP Team

Prepared for the United States
Department of Energy

Under Cooperative Agreement
No. DE-FC26-99GO10478

BAIHP Team:

Janet McIlvaine (FSEC)*
Subrato Chandra (FSEC)
Stephen Barkaszi (FSEC)
David Beal (FSEC)
David Chasar (FSEC)
Carlos Colon (FSEC)
Ken Fonorow (FLHERO)
Andrew Gordon (WSU)
David Hoak (FSEC)
Stephanie Hutchinson (ALACF)
Mike Lubliner (WSU)
Eric Martin (FSEC)
Ross McCluney (FSEC)
Mark McGinley (NCA&TSU)
Mike McSorley (WSU)
Neil Moyer (FSEC)
Mike Mullens (UCFIE)
Danny Parker (FSEC)
John Sherwin (FSEC)
Rob Vieira (FSEC)
Susan Wichers (FSEC)*

* Indicates Compiled By

Abstract

This final report summarizes the work conducted by the Building America Industrialized Housing Partnership (www.baihp.org) for the period 9/1/99 – 6/30/06. BAIHP is led by the Florida Solar Energy Center of the University of Central Florida and focuses on factory built housing. In partnership with over 50 factory and site builders, work was performed in two main areas – research and technical assistance.

In the research area -- through site visits in over 75 problem homes, we discovered the prime causes of moisture problems in some manufactured homes and our industry partners adopted our solutions to nearly eliminate this vexing problem. Through testing conducted in over two dozen housing factories of six factory builders we documented the value of leak free duct design and construction which was embraced by our industry partners and implemented in all the thousands of homes they built. Through laboratory test facilities and measurements in real homes we documented the merits of “cool roof” technologies and developed an innovative night sky radiative cooling concept currently being tested. We patented an energy efficient condenser fan design, documented energy efficient home retrofit strategies after hurricane damage, developed improved specifications for federal procurement for future temporary housing, compared the Building America benchmark to HERS Index and IECC 2006, developed a toolkit for improving the accuracy and speed of benchmark calculations, monitored the field performance of over a dozen prototype homes and initiated research on the effectiveness of occupancy feedback in reducing household energy use.

In the technical assistance area we provided systems engineering analysis, conducted training, testing and commissioning that have resulted in over 128,000 factory built and over 5,000 site built homes which are saving their owners over $17,000,000 annually in energy bills. These include homes built by Palm Harbor Homes, Fleetwood, Southern Energy Homes, Cavalier and the manufacturers participating in the Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Home program. We worked with over two dozen Habitat for Humanity affiliates and helped them build over 700 Energy Star or near Energy Star homes. We have provided technical assistance to several show homes constructed for the International builders show in Orlando, FL and assisted with other prototype homes in cold climates that save 40% over the benchmark reference. In the Gainesville Fl area we have several builders that are consistently producing 15 to 30 homes per month in several subdivisions that meet the 30% benchmark savings goal. We have contributed to the 2006 DOE Joule goals by providing two community case studies meeting the 30% benchmark goal in marine climates.

Acknowledgment

This work is sponsored, in large part, by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program under cooperative agreement number DE-FC26--99GO10478. This support does not constitute an endorsement by DOE of the views expressed in this report. Additional funding was provided by the Florida Department of Community Affairs and the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance. Their support is appreciated.

The authors appreciate the encouragement and support from George James, Ed Pollock, and Chris Early, program personnel at DOE, Keith Bennett, project officer in Golden, Colorado and Bill Haslebacher, project officer at the National Energy Technology Laboratory. We also are grateful to our colleagues Philip Fairey, and Safvat Kalaghchy for advice and assistance. Thanks to project staff (Bob Abernethy, Mable Flumm, Wanda Dutton, Rafik Alidina and Joy Mayne) and students (Matt Lombardi, Mike McCloud, Matt McCloud, Josh Newland, and Jamie Cummings) for their contributions

This work could not have been completed without the active cooperation of our industry partners and all collaborators. We greatly appreciate their support.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

I. BAIHP Introduction

II. BAIHP Technical Assistance

All America Homes of Gainesville
AMJ Construction
Applegren Construction, Eastern Dakota Housing Alliance (EDHA)
Atlantic Design and Construction
Avis American Homes
Bellview Air
Bobek Building Systems
Cambridge Homes
Cardinal Homes, Inc.
Castle and Cooke
Champion Homes, See Also “Fort Lewis Base Housing”
City of Gainesville – Cedar Grove II
City of Orlando, The Orlando House
City of Lubbock Community Development
Clayton Homes
Dukane Precast
Dr Horton
Dye Company and DelAir – Southern Living Home
East Bay Development (Formerly Midgard Associates)
Energy Structures & Systems, Inc.
EnergyGauge®
Fleetwood Homes
Fort Lewis Military Housing, Champion Homes, Equity Residential
GreenStone Industries
Florida International University, 2005 Solar Decathlon
G.W. Robinson Builder/Developer
Florida Green Building Coalition
Habitat For Humanity – BAIHP Partnership
Heat Pipe Technology
HKW Enterprises
Homark Homes
Homes of Merit
2005 International Builders Show Showhomes (6th Budget Period)
     A. New American Home, Built by Goehring Morgan Construction
     B. Discovery Custom Homes Modular Showhome
     C. Not So Big Showhouse
2006 International Builders Show Showhomes
     The 2006 International Builders Show Showhomes was held in Orlando, Florida in January. BAIHP      staff worked in the Building America booth and provided technical assistance to several IBS show      homes
     A. New American Home
     B. Palm Harbor Homes
2007 International Builders Show
     A. Palm Harbor Modular Show Homes
     B. New American Home
Kashi Church Foundation
Kit HomeBuilders West
Marlette Homes, Kokanee Creek
Marlette Homes, NOGI Gardens
Miami-Dade Hope VI Project
Midgard Associates (See East Bay Development)
Nez Perce Fish Facility
New Generation Homes
Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Housing Program (NEEM)
Oakwood Homes
Palm Harbor Homes
Patrick Family Housing, LLC
Penn Lyon Homes
Podia Construx/Rainbow Springs Construction
Royal Concrete Concepts
Sandspur Housing
Scott Homes
Southern Energy Homes
Spain Construction
Stylecrest Sales (Coleman HVAC Systems)
Timeless Construction
Tommy Williams Homes
(On) Top of the World Retirement Community
Trinity Construction Corporation
Vincent Village
WCI Communities, Inc.

III. BAIHP Research

BAIHP Research Overview

A. Manufactured Housing Research
Building Science and Moisture Problems in Manufactured Housing Background
BAIHP Field Visits to Problem Manufactured Homes
Manufacturers Participating in Building Science Research (including activity with individual      manufacturers)
Side By Side Study Of Energy Use And Moisture Control Comparing Standard Split System Air
     Conditioning And A Coleman® Prototype Heat Pump, Bossier City, LA
WSU Energy House
Zero Energy Manufactured Home (ZEMH)
Manufactured Housing Indoor Air Quality Study
Manufactured Housing Laboratory – Ventilation Studies
Side by Side Manufactured Housing Energy Use Study, North Carolina A&T
Portable Classrooms
Duct Testing Data from Manufactured Housing Factory Visits
Crawl Space Moisture Research for HUD Code Homes
Recommendations for FEMA Ruggedized Manufactured Home for Temporary Housing
Comboflair Integrated HVAC System

B. Site Built Housing Research
Building America Prototype, Cambridge Homes
Unvented Attic Study, Rey Homes
Sharpless Construction, Hoak Residence Energy and Moisture Studies
Zero Energy Affordable Housing, ORNL and Loudon County Habitat for Humanity
Apartment Ventilation and Humidity Study with Sandspur Housing
Federation of American Scientists’ Rasbach Provident Home
Radiant Floor Heating Research
Hurricane Water Intrusion Research

Hurricane Retrofit Research

C. Field and Laboratory Building Science Research
Air Handler Air Tightness Study
Air Conditioning Condenser Fan Efficiency
Fenestration Research
Reflective Roofing Research
Return Air Pathway Study
Heat Pump Water Heater Evaluation
NightCool - Building Integrated Cooling System
Plug Load Reduction Study
Solar Integrated Roofing Panels
Hot Water Distribution Systems Research
Building America Benchmark Toolkit for Programmers
Comparison of Current Building Energy Analysis Standards for Building America, Home Energy      Ratings and the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code
Cooling Performance Assessment of Building America Homes

IV. BAIHP Web Page, Training Presentations and Publications

BAIHP Web Site
BAIHP Training and Presentations
BAIHP Publications List - All Budget Periods (09/99 - 06/06)

V. BAIHP Collaborations

VI. BAIHP Project Management

 




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