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Reference Publication:   Chandra, Subrato, Neil Moyer, Danny Parker, David Beal, David Chasar, Eric Martin, Janet McIlvaine, Ross McCluney, Andrew Gordon, Mike Lubliner, Mike McSorley, Ken Fonorow, Mike Mullens, Mark McGinley, Stephanie Hutchinson, David Hoak, and Linda Tozer. Building America Industrialized Housing Partnership, Annual Report - Fourth Budget Period. 04/01/03-03/31/04.
Building America Industrialized Housing Partnership, Annual Report - Fourth Budget Period

Building America Efficient Portable Classroom Program

New Construction Procurement Guidelines for the Pacific Northwest

DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION:

General: Electrically-heated and combustion fuel heated portable classroom buildings shall be built to Building America's Energy-Efficient Portable Classroom Program specifications.  Implementation of these in-plant specifications, set-up specifications commissioning, maintenance and operation specifications will help ensure lowest life cycle costs, maintain acceptable indoor air quality and comfort standards and provide a suitable learning environment.

These specifications have been developed with support from the US Department of Energy's Building America Program partners and the Oregon Office of Energy, the Idaho Energy Division of the Department of Water Resources and Washington State University Energy Program.

Additional information is available at:

  • Technical assistance regarding these specifications is available from:
  • Washington State University Energy Program - Michael McSorley: (360) 956-2008
  • Idaho Department of Water Resources, Energy Division - Bob Minter: (208) 327-7970
  • Oregon Office of Energy - Betty Merrill/Justin Klure: (503) 373-1581
 

Table 1. Recommended Portable Classroom Specifications

Component

Description

Component U-factor

Nominal R-value

Ceilings

Flat

U-0.036

R38

 

Sloped

U-0.033

R30

Walls

Above Grade

U-0.065

R19

Floors

Steady State

U-0.041

R30

Glazing

U-0.371

n/a

Skylights

U-0.51

n/a

Exterior Doors2,3

U-0.19

n/a

Building Tightness

Tested to achieve air tightness of less than 8.0 ACH @50PA.

Ductwork Tightness

Tested to ensure total leakage rate of less than 30 CFM @ 50PA.

Ductwork Design and Materials

All ductwork shall be located within the pressure envelope.

Metal ductwork shall be sealed with water-based mastic.

Duct-board shall use water based mastic and/or UL181AP tape.

Tapes shall be installed per manufacturer listing instructions.

Lighting

All interior ceiling lighting shall be rapid start T-8 fluorescents with electronic ballasts with a CRI of 75. The controls shall be an on-off switch for each bank of lights.

Quality Control

The manufacturer's quality control inspector shall certify that each building meets or exceeds all requirements of these specifications.

An authorized state plant inspector shall verify that each building has been inspected at least once during its construction and that the inspected measures meet or exceed the requirements of this specification.

School district personnel are also encouraged to inspect these classrooms during site set up.

1NFRC tested U-factor.

2Door frame shall be of thermally improved material(s).

3Up to 1 ft2 of security glass is allowed in doors.

THERMAL EFFICIENCY:

General Insulation: All insulating materials shall be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions to achieve proper densities, minimize voids and maintain uniform R-values.

Clearances: Where required by applicable codes, or where specified in the following sections, proper insulation clearances shall be maintained.

Insulation installed around exhaust vents shall comply with manufacturer's recommendations.

All ventilation baffles in attics/roofs shall be moisture-resistant.

Ceiling Insulation: Ceiling insulation shall be installed to meet the nominal R-values specified in Table 1 or as approved.

Ceilings insulated with fiberglass batt insulation shall use full-width batts which cover the truss members and extend the entire attic length without visible gaps.

Insulation with a vapor barrier shall be installed to minimize compression-face-stapling is preferred over stapling to the side of the joist.

Wall Insulation: Insulation shall be installed to minimize compression and voids as a result of plumbing or wiring wall cavities.

Where structural conditions allow, headers over windows and doors shall be insulated.

Where structural conditions allow, insulation shall fill the cavity between corner studs and other wall structure materials.

Spaces around window and door frames greater than ½ inch shall be filled with an insulating material.

Insulation with a vapor barrier shall be installed to minimize compression-face-stapling is preferred over stapling to the side of the stud.

Floor Insulation: Floor insulation shall fill floor joists to the manufacturer's insulation density or greater.

Insulation shall be installed to minimize compression and voids as a result of plumbing or wiring in floor cavities.

Set-Up Kit: Manufacturer shall include an approved marriage line sealer, and instructions on how and where to install it.

Door and Glazing u-factors: U-factors for doors and glazing shall be determined certified and labeled in accordance with the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) Product Certification Program (PCP), as authorized by an independent certification and inspection agency licensed by the NFRC.

Glazing: To improve ambient lighting, all portable classrooms built to these specifications shall have operable transom windows installed on one wall.  There shall be a minimum of 18 square feet of operable transom windows installed.

In addition to the transom windows two standard vinyl framed windows shall be installed; one window on each side wall.  Each window shall have a minimum of 12 square feet of glazing area.

Window frames and sashes shall be constructed of vinyl, wood or other approved materials. Vinyl frames and sashes shall be joined with external and internal welds.

Window Location: Windows shall be located on opposite to ensure passive cross ventilation.

Skylights:  Skylights with a maximum of 16 square feet of surface area may be installed in lieu of transom windows provided they are double glazed with a minimum U-factor of 0.50.  Up to 10ft2 of non-NFRC rated solar daylight tube may be installed if it is sealed from the conditioned space, and has a tube wall insulated to at least R-19.

AIR LEAKAGE CONTROL

All buildings shall be sealed using the following standard air-leakage control method and approved sealants. An average air change rate of 0.35 air changes/hour shall be used to calculate thermal losses.

All buildings shall comply with the following prescriptive requirements, or as approved to achieve the tightness levels specified in the prescriptive path.

Windows: Tested air-leakage rates shall not exceed 0.3 cfm/linear foot.

Doors: Tested air-leakage rates shall not exceed 0.2 cfm/linear foot of perimeter.

Caulking and Sealing: All penetrations through the building envelope shall be caulked or otherwise sealed to limit air leakage, including the following:

  • Ceiling - ceiling and roof insulation shall be installed with a complete air/vapor barrier installed on the warm side of the insulation, with all corners and seams sealed.  Sealing can be accomplished using sheetrock tape and texture, or 6 mil plastic sheeting.
  • The floor and wall marriage line - sealed using using gasket and non-porous silicon caulking, foam or closed cell backer rod.
  • All window and door frames - sealed to the building envelope.  If the seal is made on exterior grooved siding, then the groove lines shall be sealed at the door or window frame.
  • Exterior-wall sole plates and the structural floor - caulked using silicon caulking or approved alternate.
  • All receptacles, switches or other electric boxes in exterior walls - sealed or fitted with outlet plate gaskets.
  • HVAC ducts - sealed at interior surfaces where ducts penetrate the building envelope.
  • Around openings in the building envelope for HVAC and ventilation ducts, and  wiring.
  • All other penetrations in the building envelope.

Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.

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